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運営者ブログ - 7光年彼方に氷点下の褐色矮星

7光年彼方に氷点下の褐色矮星

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admin_mb 2014-5-6 17:28
7光年彼方に氷点下の褐色矮星

褐色矮星とは、材料が少なく質量が小さいため太陽になりそこねた天体のことをいいます。軽水素が核融合を起こすには、中心角の温度が300万〜400万K必要ですが、重水素は軽水素よりも低温で核融合を起こすことができます。重水素の比率は低いため核融合は短期間で停止、冷却した星は褐色矮星となります。温度が低いため可視光ではなく赤外線による観測でその存在を捉えることができます。
今回NASAの赤外線天文衛星「WISE」による観測で見つかった移動天体を、赤外線衛星「Spitzer」やチリのジェミニ南望遠鏡を用いて距離や温度を確認、この天体が褐色矮星である可能性が高いことがわかったとのことです。

観測によると、まずこの天体は太陽系から7.2光年とのことで、太陽系からは4番めに近い星系とのこと。重さは木星の3〜10倍、温度は摂氏マイナス48度〜マイナス13度。サイズが小さいため、惑星系から追い出されたガス惑星の可能性もあるそうですが、褐色矮星の可能性が高いと考えられるそうです。このサイズと温度は、これまでに知られている褐色矮星の中では、もっとも低温で小さいとのことです。

さて、褐色矮星といえば、太陽の伴星として考えられている架空の星「ネメシス」が褐色矮星もしくは赤色矮星とされていますね。「恐竜はネメシスを見たか」によると、2600万年周期で太陽を回る伴星で、2600万年毎にオールトの雲を乱し太陽系に彗星が大量に飛来するとされ、これにより恐竜が絶命したとのこと。これは、地球の周期的な生物の大量絶滅の理由としてその存在が過程されたものです。仮に存在するなら、赤外線天文衛星による観測で見つかるかもしれませんね。

「恐竜はネメシスを見たか」リチャード ミュラー


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